Signaling system.



B. H. PETER.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED OCT- I914.

LQ6,4@1 m Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

WWWW

F4. mg

nnr NOIIIIIS Pans m. mn'mumn. lrAsuummn. n. a

i BERNARD HARTLEY PETER, or WESTMINSTER, ENGLAND, assrsnon, BYMESNE LQEGAUL ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE UNION SWITCH & SIGNAL COMPANY, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA;

To all 'w Itom z't may concern: a 'Be it known that I, BERNARD tainnew and useful Improvements in Sigv nalin -Systems, of which the following isa specification.

This invention relates to railvvay signaling a systems of the kind in Whichan alternating electric current for signaling purposes is stance as an alternating currentigenerator or a transformer supplied thereby b In systems-of the'above kind, thetrach railsare usually divided into block sections,

the rails'ofvvhich are arranged tobe shortcireuited las regards the signaling current supplied thereto when ,the SGCtlOIlvlSqOCClL' pied by a 'train, the actuation of oneor more of a train in the block section. a T Inorder to enable both rails of the track l to be employed as thereturn circuit for pro magnetic fluxinthe coreof the bond owingiu pulsion current in the case of an electrically propelled railway, it is usual to crossconnect I the track rails at each end of the blocksection by inductive devices known as inductance bonds, the middle or other intermedie atepoints in the windings of each bond b ew ing connected to a corresponding point in 1 the Winding of the bond in thenext adjacent block section. a i a a The function and operation of these inductWo track rails as regards directcurrent, but

While maintaining the two rails at different alternating current potentials for signaling purposes. In order has previously beenproposed to provide the bonds with acontmuouscmagnetic circuit orcore thus enabling a magnetizing current of relatively smallzamount to create a large Specification of Letters lPatent.

Application filed October 7,1914. Serial No. 865,495.

HARTLEY PETER, a subject of theKing of Great Britain, residing at 58 Victoria street, in the city of Westminster, England, have invented certthat the-reactance of theinduc tance bonds may be as great as possible as far as alternating currents are concerned, it

or SWISSVALE,

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Patented Dec. a, iaie.

to its'lovv magnetic permeability, thereby insuring a sufliciently high reactive electromotive force. This construction is however opento the disadvantage that the direct propulslon current passing through the Winding ofthebond also capableofjucreating a large magneticwflux owingto the low reluc 60 tance of; the continuous magnetic core and a although the dlrect currents flowing in the a two parts of the Winding of the lbOl'lCl on a 1 either sideof themiddleor intermediate point above referred to are in opposite directions, any unbalancing of the current in v the tvvotrack rails will necessarily cause a magneto-motive force to be set 1 up which in vievv ofthe low reluctance of the magnetic: aclrcult of the bond may easily causemag netic saturation of the core. If this condition occurs, the bondl vvill evidently cease almost entirely to respond to the alterna-m and only a very small amount of reactive tions of the signaling electron-motive force of the. signaling devices being arranged to v be efi'ected in any desired manner by this means, so as to indicate the presence Winding of the bond Which is thus rendered inoperative for the purpose for Which itis intended. a 1 In order to overcome this disadvantage it has also been proposed to provide the magnetic circuit of the bond with an air gap so as toreduce its permeability and thereby prevent magnetic saturation as above dc scribed. This COnStIuCt10Il,l10W6V6I',1S open to the further disadvantagethat the permeability of the magnetic circuitof the bond is reduced for alternating current lmagnetiza tionalso and consequently a considerably increased magnetizing alternating currentis tance bonds is now wellknownandneed not necessary which must evidently be supplied from the source of signaling current. As the magnetizing current is almost entirely watt-v less, itlrepresents a very unfavorable load on y the alternating current generator or other source of signaling current and the present invention has for its objectfto provide an improved arrangement whereby inductance bonds having gaps in their magnetic circuits may be employed Without at the same time imposing aload of low power factor upon the source of signaling current.-

According to a the present 'nvent'on the circuit of the bond is arranged to beinductively related to a'resonant circuitthat is to say to a circuit containing such an amount sad I of capacity or condensance relative to its inductance'that a Condition of resonance is partly or completely obtained.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view of a portion of two block sections, the adjacent ends of the different sections being bridged by means of impedance bonds;

Figs. 2, 3 and l being similar views illustrating various embodiments of the invention. v

It will be understood that these e1nbodiments of the inventionare merely "illustrative of Various ways by means of which the invention can be carried into practice and are not to be'regarded as restricting the scope of the invention to any of the arrangements shown. I

Referring first to all of the views, the reference characters 1, 2 designate the track rails of a railway, which rails are divided by insulated joints 9 to form. block sections in the usual and well known manner. Alter '-nating signaling current issupplied'to the rails of each block section from a. suitable source such as a generator G. It being understood that both of the track rails are included in the circuit for the propulsion current, the rails are cross-connected at each tion herein.

winding 6 of which is closed on itself through a condenser 7 the capacity of the condenser being'such that the inductance of the track circuit will be that correspondmg the whole circuit including theprimary and secondary windings of the transformer and the inductance bond constitute with the condenser a resonant circuit. The wattless component of the magnetizing. current required for the bond will thus be constituted by the resonant currents surging into and out of the condenser in the well known way and the only current required to be supplied to to the true watts loss'in the track rails and the inductance bonds.

In the alternative construction as illustrated in Fig. 3, the inductance bond ls-itself" may constitute'the necessary transformer,

the magnetic circuit of the bond being provided with a secondary winding 8 the teir minals of-which'are connected through the condenser 7', a separate'transformer beingv thus unnecessary.

I1). the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 4

the condensers 7 are shown connected in reduce the capacity of the condenser required by increasing the voltage impressed on its terminals.

Furthermore the amount of capaclty or 'condensance employed may if desired be such as to exceed that corresponding to the inductance of the bond so as to enable the circuit of the bond to take a leading current and thereby compensate for the inductance of the other parts of the circuit such for instance as the trackrails themselves.

The actual system of connections employed may evidently be varied from those above described without exceeding the scope of the invention.

What I claim is 1. In a railway signaling system the combination of a block section, a source of sig naling current connected across the track rails of said block section, an inductance bond also connected across said track rails and a condenser electrically associated with said bond for supplying the wattless com ponent of the current taken by said bond.

2. In a railway signaling system the combination of a block section, a source of signaling current connected across the track rails of said block section, an inductance bond also connected across said track rails and means associated with the bond which takes a wattless current leading the voltage.

3. In a railway signaling system the combination of a block section, a source of signaling current connected across the track rails of said block section, an inductance bond" also connected across said track rails and means associated with said bond for producing current resonance therewith.

4. In a railway signaling system the combination of a'block section, a source of signaling current connected across the track railsof said block section, an inductance bond also connected across said track rails and an auxiliary circuit electrically associated with the winding of said bond and containing a condenser of sufficient capacity to produce resonance in combination with the inductance of said bond and its direct connections.

5. In a railway signaling system the coma source of.' sigbination of a block section,

naling current connected across the track" rails of said block section, an inductance bond also connected across the said track ralls, and a local circuit inductively related 1,286,401 illill to said bond for supplying the wattless component of the current taken by said bond.

6. The combination in a railway signaling system of an inductance bond, awinding in inductive relation to such bond and a condenser directly connected across the terminals of said winding.

7. An inductive bond for electric railway track circuits constituting a plurality of insulated track sections, comprising a primary winding the terminals of which are adapted for connection to the two rails of a track section, a tap at the mid-point of the primary winding for interconnecting adjacent track sections to one another, a secondary winding ing, and a condensive reactance element 0on nected inclosed circuit with the secondary winding.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BERNARD HARTLEY PETER.

Witnesses:

GEORGE PARDOE,

ALFRED FRANK Summon.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, 10. G."

15 magnetically linked with the primary winda 

